Chhau Mask Craft

Craft Stories — Dance Theatre & Mask Heritage

Purulia Chhau Mask

Artisan crafting a traditional Chhau mask in Purulia, West Bengal

Moulded in clay, painted in myth
mask by mask, epic by epic.

Purulia · West Bengal Chhau Dance Theatre Mask Tradition
Purulia District,
West Bengal
Clay, Paper &
Cloth, Pigments
2016
Clay & Paper Moulding Chhau Dance Theatre Purulia District GI Registered 2016 Heritage Craft of Bengal Mythological Mask Art Clay & Paper Moulding Chhau Dance Theatre Purulia District GI Registered 2016 Heritage Craft of Bengal Mythological Mask Art

Purulia Chhau Masks are essential elements of the Chhau dance theatre of eastern India and received GI recognition in 2016. Produced at Purulia in Bengal, these masks represent mythological characters used in dramatic performances. The masks are made using clay moulds layered with paper and cloth, then painted in vivid colours and decorated with feathers and ornaments. Each mask symbolises a character from epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.

The Art Form
Tradition
Dance Theatre &
Epic Mythology
Chhau dance presents dramatic themes inspired by episodes from the Ramayana and Mahabharata, along with traditional performance sequences such as Mahishasura Mardini, Ravana Badha, Kirat Arjuna and Abhimanyu Vadh — where the masks play a crucial role in bringing each character to life on stage.

At BONGONIKETAN, we work closely with craft villages in the Purulia region, collaborating with skilled artisans and master craftsmen who continue the traditional art of Chhau mask making. These artisans create expressive masks representing characters commonly seen in Chhau dance performances such as Durga, Mahishasura, the Lion (Singha), Kartikeya, Ravana and other mythological figures drawn from the epics and folk narratives.

Each mask symbolises a character from the great epics — painted in vivid colour, adorned with feathers, brought to life through the art of Chhau dance.
The Craft in Practice
Purulia Chhau mask artisans at work

The masks are traditionally crafted through a layered process involving clay moulding, paper and cloth layering, drying, painting and ornamentation. Depending on the size and intricacy of the design, a single mask can take several days to complete, as each stage requires careful drying and finishing.

While these masks were historically created for dance performances, today they are also widely appreciated as striking wall hangings and decorative art pieces. Over time we have worked with artisans to produce masks of various sizes and forms, including larger and heavier pieces designed specifically for interior décor and cultural display, while still preserving the traditional artistic character of Chhau mask craftsmanship. Through these collaborations, BONGONIKETAN continues to support the artisan communities of Purulia while bringing the vibrant visual heritage of Chhau mask art into contemporary spaces.

GI
Protected
2016

GI Location: Purulia District, West Bengal, India
GI Registration Year: 2016
GI Source: Geographical Indications Registry, Intellectual Property India, Government of India

Bongoniketan Craft of Rural Bengal
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